RC servo motors have a large range of speeds,sizes,weights,shapes or colours,but they all work on the same principle.
Most servo motors contain several main parts:
The controller circuit:
Controller circuit is the brain of the Servo. This circuit can read the user's operating signal and translate it into a motor revolution in such a way, that the drive shaft will be rotated to the desired position.
The feedback potentiometer:
The shaft of the potentiometer is attached to the drive shaft of the servo. When the drive shaft rotates, so does the potentiometer. In that way, each and every rotation angle of the drive shaft, corresponds to a different resistance of the potentiometer. By reading the potentiometers' resistance, the controller is able to know the exact angle of the drive shaft of the servo.
The motor:
This is usually a small high speed DC motor controlled by a H-bridge circuit attached to the servos' controller.
The gearbox:
The gearbox will drive the motor's revolution to the drive shaft. Also, the rpm will be significantly reduced and the torque will be increased. The torque is one of the main characteristics of RC servos.
The drive shaft:
When all of the above operate in perfect harmony, the drive shaft will be rotated with accuracy to the user's requested angle.
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